Improvement in governors for steam-engines



'TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

@uiten faire strat lffi,

. Letters Patent No. 80,53`3,'dated ugustli, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN GOVBRNORS FOR STEAM-ENGINES.

j @its Srlpmle referat 'tu in these @stints @anni mit making pnt tf tige same.

Be it known that I, CHRISTOPHER G. CROSS, of the city of Chicago, in the county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certaiunew and useful Improvements in Governors for Steam-Engines; and I do hereby ticolare` that the following isa'full, clear, and exact description of the saine, reference being had to the acconpanying drawings, making a partei' this specicat-ion, lin whichi Figure 1 represents a vertical cross-section. 4

Figure 2, a top sectional and bottom view of thelower valve.

Figure 3, a top, side, and bottoni lview of the upper valve.

Figure 4, a back'view, and

Figure 5 a front view, with a portion of the casing removed 'and a. portion of the interior in section.

Like letters refer to the same parts in all of the gures. i I

The nature oi' my invention consists in constructing a governor for steam-engines, so that .the acuon of the .governorjwill be direct upon the throttleval`vewithout the intervention of a balanced bar or lever; in controlling the'movement of the governor by pumps working in bil, or other fluid; yand in the several new and improved parts and combinations hereinafter set forth andclaimed as my invention. l

To enable others Askilled'in the art to make and use 'my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and.operation.` f i The `outer casing'or chest, A, is made of iron, brass, or 'other suitable metal, and in size will vary to suit ldifferent-siaed engines, the size shown being suitable for a 'five-horsepower engine. The samc,proportion will also be observed in constructing thc other parts, withthe exception of the weight or ball F, which, forI a fivehorse-power engine, should weigh about ten'pounds, and for a forty-horse-power about twenty-five pounds. I usually makethe case or chest tight at all of its joints, but'it is not necessary to 'make it so at thetop, except for. marine engines. l s e Into this lcase or shell I insert, from the top, a tube or cylinder, D,'leaving it to project above, as shown, and descending nearly or quite to the bottom, B. v' .I f 5 Into this-tube I insert a-ishaft, E, which is fitted tothe' tube or cylinder D. 'Ihis shaftis turned off so as to play smoothly in the cylinder, and at J is turned or cut somewhat sinaller,'so as to leave a space foranjr oil that may pass the headEl o'f the shaft, and if any considerable quantity should accumulate, it will pass: out at the side holes d or l, and not work out at the top of' the cylinder. Y

On'the top oi' this shaft E, the weight orball F is placed; and below this I insert into the shaft, or otherwise attach, a short arm, G, Vin such position that it will form a rest for the-weighted shaft with the top of the tube D, or rest upon such tube when the shaft is at its lowest point. This arniG projects out 4beyond the case A sutliciently far to clear it; and at its outer'end is attached the valve-rod H, which passes through it and down through the packed guide or opening I into the steam-pipeG, and is attached directly to the throttlevalve.4 In some constructions it will pass'outside of the steam-pipe, and be attached to a handle-or crank of' the throttle-valve, as it can be applied as well that way as in the manner'shown,'but in either case it is attached without the intervention of a` balanced bar or forked lever. If, however, ,from its position, or from the construction ofthe engine, it should be desirable to use' such balanced bar or lever, it canl be used, but it will scarcelyever be found necessary or desirable. The rod is adjusted to the valve by means ofthe nutsf and g.

The tube or cylinder E is cast wither otherwise attached to the plate or box K, as shown. This plate K rests lpon the valves V and cushion L, and' the cushion L and plate M, with plate K, form a box, having a cavity, Z, which connects with thescylindcr D by means yof the opening e. i

At each end of this plate, I attach pump-cylinders N and N', N being shown in ,sectionlat iigh.' These cylinders are open at both ends in construction, but the loweriend is closed by resting upon the seats V of valves W. flhcse Avalve-seats may be left without permanent attachment, or they may be attached to either plate K or B. They are made. hollow, as shownV at iig.` 2, and are provided at the rim or periphery with inletopenings,` hand at the top with exit-openingen. .The openings la, are covered bythe valves W, which arev puppet-valves, and are prevented from rising too far by the stem 'and collar '.lhe pistons or plungers O are fitted to the pump-cylinders, and are made hollow nearly to thc lower ends, for thelpurposes hereinafter set forth. The cylinders N and N', 5, connect with the chamber Z by means of the passage or opening jandV valves U. The lower end of the valves U is Aout away, as shown at iig. 3, so as` to leave a partial chambci' in their sockets, and are fitted to K only at the swell on their-upper ends.

vThe pistons or plunger-s Oare operated bythe or walking-beam P, which is supported at the middle by the rod or shaft R, and operated by it. The shaft R passes through the hack plate or side of the caseor chest A, and is supported by the jourlnnl-bcaring S. At the outer end of Ra lever, T, isl attached, the lower end of which is attached by a rod or pitman to an eccentric on the main shaft, or to the valve-rod, so as to give it the same motion as that ofthe main valve of the engine. v

To the outer ends of the beam P, I attach rods or pitmen Q, by hinging them on the bolt R. Thcserods pass down into the hollow plungers 0, and are pivoted in them at z'. By this arrangement, I am enabled to bring thebeam P and plungcrs O close together, and give the beam a rocking motion, and at the same time give the plungers a free vertical movement. p

Y, hg. 5, is a tube, screwed into the cylinder D, and, at its outer end, is provided with' a stop, X, which can be turned so as to stop oil' thc oil or other fluid entirely or partially, so as toregulate the ilow of oil from the cylinder D hack into box A, and thereby regulate and control the entire movementof the governor; vfor if turned 'oil` so as to permit a full flow, the oil will pass oil` as fast as it is pumped into D, and from that point may be turned on so as to stop the entire low, which will close thc throttle-valve.V Stopping it at any intermediate point regulates the opening and'closing of the throttle-valve Ato the movement of the engine and the pressure of steam, as it is sensitive and quick in its changes. t U

I have notl shown ncrdescrihed a throttle-valve, as they are of dilferent forms andlocations, and my governor willoperate any of them, and operatoopen stationary engines, or marine engines, as it is not affected by change of position, provided it is not turned too far down. When completed, I ill it with oil up to about the top of the cylinders N. Y i

In operation, the oil or other iluid passes from the box into the valve-case or seat V, `through the holes h, and then through the holes a into cylinder N, when the piston O rises. When it descends, the oil passes through the opening j, andiifts the v alve U and enters the chamber I.

The operation of plunger Of, in cylinder N', repeats the same movement of the oil on that side. From chamber Z the oil is forced through the openings e into `cylinder D, which lifts the Weighted shaft E, and also rod or pitman H, and with it the throttle-valve. The weight F tends to force the oil out of the cylinder D through the stop o1,regulatingcocl ,y ai; and the rapidity with which it is forced out depends upon the turn of the cock. To prevent it from rising too high at any time, holes, d, are made in the cylinder D, so that in'any event the shaft E cannot be forced above that point. The hole Z s simply for the escape of any oil'which may have passed up the shaft. l

I f a rapid motion is communicated by lever T, the action of the pumps is increased, which-will hold the shaft E, with the rod H, at a. higher level, and close the valve; and as the motion is decreased,` the'valve opens, so that an even pressure is maintained at all times,.and regulated instantly by simply turning the stop x, which regulates the outflow ofthe oil. v 4

ItA will also be seen from the operation, that when the rod or pitman, which operates the crank or lever T, is attached to the valve-rod or eccentric, the pumps will act in unison with the cut-ofi` valves, and the throttlevalve being nearer thevboiler, the action will be first felt on that, so that, to a kgreat extent, it is made or may be adjusted to make a cut-oifvalve ofthe throttle-valve.

It will also bc observed that the pump is made of two single pumps, as shown, but it will not change the operation or principle of the machine in this. respect to make one doublefacting pump to take the place of the two single ones; and it will require only slight changes of construction to make -this variation or modication, the condition being that the pump shall,l in either case, be double-acting. I y

This governor will be found va simple and etlicient one, accurate and sensitive in its movements, as I have found from trials of the same. p l

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is-` The arrangement of the lever or crank T, beam Rand pumps N 'With the cylinder D, regulating-stop a: y, shaft E, rod H, and oase A B, substantially as and for the purposes specified. f

i C. G. CROSS.

I Witnesses:

E. A. WEST, L. L. BOND. 

